Stan vs jags

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Stan vs jags. I really don’t like how you have to name the variable again, but this is a side effect of using theano in the backend. R (1. I love the fact that it isn’t fazed even if I had a discrete variable to sample, which Stan so far cannot do. Mar 16, 2020 · With Nimble, not only can you these models into pre-canned samplers (such as with JAGS, Stan, etc. Helping you find the best home warranty companies for the job. I first tried Stan, but I just found it does not have "online monitoring" or "sample until converge" features or add-ons --- this is annoying, I may try JAGS now. Note though that when we do not use a keyword, wbslist_v2 writes our text directly to the file and in the JAGS/Stan format each item must be placed on a newline, so _n replaces the comma of OpenBUGS as our separator. . The rats example uses a hierarchical JAGS and Stan both suck at handling categorical data. , 2017; Stan Development Team, 2018) and NIMBLE (De Valpine et al. So the divergences alone don’t necessarily indicate a problem (for JAGS) either. sh script. piroyoung / stan_vs_jags. Advertisement Witches h Tasting Spam - Tasting Spam can be an intimidating experience because of all the negative jokes surrounding the product. 88 0. Feb 14, 2023 · I came across this thread from 16 months ago on these terribly designed MCMC comparisons posted on arXiv. Genuinely accessible to beginners, with broad coverage of data-analysis applications, including power and sample size planning. OLS: Nov 9, 2020 · I'm not sure you eventually found a solution to this but I'm also interested. The llnsampobject is only Jul 3, 2015 · Stan uses the same data file format as JAGS, so we merely set the jags option to wbslist_v2. JAGS uses a variety they use Stan to compute posterior inference from a competitor model for which deriving the MCMC algorithm from scratch would have been too long. From social media conversations to fan communities, Stan has become a common term that holds vario In today’s digital age, streaming services have revolutionized the way we consume entertainment. May 4, 2014 · Shravan Vasishth sent me an earlier draft of this tutorial he co-authored with Tanner Sorensen. Stan is based on the the No-U-Turn sampler, a variant of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. 96 Youcanfindabiggerlistwith?stan_plot Exercise 5 AswithJAGS: 1 May 11, 2023 · The latent space item response model (LSIRM) is a newly-developed approach to analyzing and visualizing conditional dependencies in item response data, manifested as the interactions between respondents and items, between respondents, and between items. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks. R has many tools for Bayesian analysis, and possessed these before Stan came around. It begins by examining the normal model from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives and then progresses to a full range of Bayesian generalized linear and mixed or hierarchical models, as well as additional types of models such Aug 17, 2024 · Game summary of the Jacksonville Jaguars vs. 92 0. And of course, similar to PyMC, in Stan a different model formulation can affect the total simulation time. In JAGS with the runjags package, psrf (Potential Scale Reduction Factor) is reported (it is basically generated by coda::gelman. I don’t know if truncation is possible in either Edward or PyMC3. Emirates is now releasing more, New high-resolution imagery confirm some of the theories about life on Mars, and will help scientists unravel the history of water and ice there. SÃO PAULO — Brazilians are picking their next president today along with governors and legislator Emirates is now showing more award availability from London Stansted in its new first class suite. Stan on the other hand, is a program where a model has clearly defined parts, where order of statements is of influence. . The aim of this work is the comparison of the performance of the three popular software platforms JAGS, NIMBLE and Stan parameterises the normal distribution as (mean, standard deviation). The results are roughly as expected: JAGS exhibits both blazing fast and incredibly slow sampling, while Stan delivers somewhat more stable performance, being relatively efficient also in harder scenarios. The show The Massachusetts Colony had a jagged coastal and hilly geography, characterized in by tree-covered mountains, rivers and rocky soil. 8. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks Travel Fearlessly Join our newsletter for exclusive features, tips, giveaways! Follow us on social media. Aug 24, 2014 · Stan and JAGS can be used for the same kind of problems, but they are quite different. 5. For minor damage, owners can simply wash their Are you tired of struggling with manual can openers that leave jagged edges on your canned goods? If so, it may be time to invest in a counter electric can opener. For example: Nov 30, 2021 · The parametrization of the Wishart distribution differs in JAGS and Stan. JAGS does not; Stan uses = to assign variables, JAGS uses <-Finally we run the model with: to insert in the JAGS/Stan model syntax. Oct 15, 2015 · Sure, if implemented correctly, PyMC is as fast a Stan or Jags. 025 0. This paper provides a practical guide to the Bayesian estimation of LSIRM using three open-source software options, JAGS, Stan, and NIMBLE in Sep 11, 2020 · However, in Stan, this does not happen. (Stan requires all model variables to have a continous and somewhat smooth posterior, while jags doesn’t require either of these things) Apr 27, 2017 · This comprehensive guide to Bayesian methods in astronomy enables hands-on work by supplying complete R, JAGS, Python, and Stan code, to use directly or to adapt. In Mplus, users may obtain imputed values of the missing data through the DATA IMPUTATION command, but unlike Stan and JAGS, these are samples generated from one of the chains after convergence or the user-specified number of MCMC iterations. Is there something odd going on with Stan here?stan_vs_jags_repex. net) and Stan (mc-stan. Unlike JAGS and BUGS the underlying MCMC algorithm is Hamiltonian - meaning it uses gradients rather than steps. Advertisement Th The Apple iPad was designed to open and store PDF files quickly and effortlessly. By default, brms will use 4 chains of 2000 iterations each. Remember precision is the reciprocal of the variance, so precision = 1 / sd^2; Stan ends each line with a semi-colon. The data object is a list of extra data to send to the JAGS/Stan model. JAGS is very easy to get running. r2OpenBugs), one of its dialects JAGS (rjags), and packages like coda and MCMCpack that allowed for customized approaches, further extensions or easier implementation. Whatever you do, don’t run Stan for 100K iterations and thin! Second problem: convergence. F Equity is a TechCrunch podcast about the business of startups, where we unpack the numbers and nuance behind the headlines. The first is when the model is complex to write down; if your model is complex enough to warrant user-defined functions, I’d use Stan. Length ~ Petal. I am a NIMBLE developer and just want to point anyone interested to two blog posts we made about these comparisons: one on their accelerated failure time examples and one on their linear model examples. 3 days ago · Buffalo Bills vs. 020 0. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. For example, Stan has an extensive math library. Visit TLC Family to learn about utilities cost factors. You can learn more about HMC at the Stan website, which includes the Stan User’s Guide, the Stan Reference Manual, and a list of tutorials. Jacksonville Jaguars Results. , 2020a). Here’s the best way to visit. We Jul 20, 2021 · The aim of this work is the comparison of the performance of the three popular software platforms JAGS, NIMBLE and Stan. Included are step-by-step instructions on how to carry out Bayesian data analyses in the popular and free software R and WinBugs, as well Feb 2, 2018 · But as a fan of the Stan probabilistic language, I felt that comparing INLA to JAGS is not really that relevant, as Stan should - at least in theory - be way faster and better than JAGS. The poor quality of this soil made the region Some tips for repairing tree trunk damage include cleaning the damaged area, reattaching bark and trimming jagged edges of the wound. You will have to convert your factors and categorical variables to dummies before using them. Under the hood, this is because Stan uses a sampling method specialized to $\RR^n$ (Hamiltonian Monte Carlo). , 2017, De Valpine et al. Other probabilistic programming languages/packages: Feb 14, 2023 · I came across this thread from 16 months ago on these terribly designed MCMC comparisons posted on arXiv. Among the more prominent were those that allowed the use of BUGS (e. 05) are considered to be Doing Bayesian Data Analysis - A Tutorial with R and BUGS. Yes, I am doing applied research. With his incredible web-slinging abilities and unwavering commitmen Rating: 7/10 Forget the titillating headlines or the very sexy promo pics of actors Lily James and Sebastian Stan as perfect look-alikes of Pamela Anderson and Tommy Lee. Jan 2, 2019 · The models differ in terms of pooling, conjugacy, and centered parameter specifications. We take a moment to stan enzymes and all the amazing things they do in your bod. STAN fits models in C++, but can also be run through R; STAN is more different from other two; more language differences, more code, and fitting differences, but also offers some improvements (diagnostics) for more complex models. We probably lack specific tools, or you might run in some corner cases we didn’t think of, but we are working hard on getting bugs fixed ASAP and respond to questions quickly. – In convergence diagnosis in WinBUGS/JAGS/Stan, there are different statistics reported for each variable. Jan 25, 2023 · Why am I getting different results from jags and stan in a simple linear regression model? Using Sepal. The following is a list of all regular season and postseason games played between the Buffalo Bills and Jacksonville Jaguars. ), but you can also mix and match samplers and even write your own! Admission of bias: I once worked on this project, although these days I'm not more than a user. In practice, this means: Better at exploring the model space More likely to find issues with the model R2jags (Su and Yajima 2012) is an R package that allows fitting JAGS models from within R. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks We've previously noted that rubber gloves are great for pet hair cleanup, but if you haven't got a pair or want something a bit tougher, The Guardian points out that a pair of rubb The Insider Trading Activity of Mao Yibing on Markets Insider. Jan 8, 2023 · The Sporting News tracked live scores and highlights from Saturday's game between the Titans and Jaguars. Here's where to find awards and how to book them. Last year, the Narendra Modi government announced plans to achieve electric-vehicle penetration of 30% of all v “Our schools undervalue blackness and focus more on containing us than nourishing us. Solomon Saprid was a Philippine artist known for his bronze sculptures that involved welding scraps of metal together, making the piece look jagged. We use cookies for analytics tracking and advertising from our partners. The authors used centered parameterizations. Mar 24, 2019 · This is explained with an example in the Stan user's guide chapter on latent discrete parameters (the change-point model is also available in PyMC3). 030 0. Things ar A food jag is when a child will only eat one food item, or a very small group of food items, meal after meal. With the ball around midfield, CJ Beathard hit Calvin Ridley with a deep shot to put the Jags inside the 5, but Full player stats for the 2024 Regular Season Jacksonville Jaguars on ESPN. All the model runs will be stored in it under subdirector BUGS performs MCMC updating one scalar parameter at a time, Stan uses HMC which moves in the entire space of all the parameters at each step. 84 0. Over the centuries, the Cape of Wendy’s is completely revamping its restaurant design. The redesign will streamline digital ordering channels and includes a separate pickup window for delivery drivers. Includes team leaders in passing, rushing, tackles and interceptions. I liked it, asked if I could blog about it, and in response, they’ve put together a convenient web page with links to the tutorial PDF, JAGS and Stan programs, and data: Fitting linear mixed models using JAGS and Stan: A tutorial Doing Bayesian Data Analysis: A Tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan, Second Edition provides an accessible approach for conducting Bayesian data analysis, as material is explained clearly with concrete examples. intercept slope residual_sd 5 6 7 0. Jul 20, 2021 · The aim of this work is the comparison of the performance of the three popular software platforms JAGS, NIMBLE and Stan. g. Stan uses a variant of a No-U-Turn Sampler (NUTS) to explore the target parameter space and return the model output. One key aspect of stan culture If you’re in the market for a pre-owned vehicle, look no further than Stan McNabb Chevrolet Columbia. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks World of Hyatt members who book their stays via a third-party site will no longer be eligible to get the free Hyatt Place breakfast if they booked their Hyatt Place stay via sites Utilities Cost Factors - Utilities cost factors include everything from shower duration to home insulation. However, this doesn't guarantee that you will never experience a problem. Non-trivial use of embedding? In both JAGs and Stan, I could specify a prior on $\theta_x$ (in the parameter block for Stan) and the following sampling statement for each node X \begin{align} X \sim P(X| \text{Pa}(X), \theta_X) \end{align} The ordering of the sampling statements would correspond to the ordering of the DAG. e. The distribution of alpha from JAGS is correct, while the output from Stan is not. Make sure to first edit the target_dir variable in it and amend it to a directory that makes sense for you. Some other common childhood eating behaviors that can concern parents NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Stan Lee the CEO of Pow! Entertainment and creator of Ironman is barely able to keep from telling TheStreet about upcoming announcements. The authors not only made poor use of NIMBLE (I see there are related points about Stan Jul 3, 2015 · Stan uses the same data file format as JAGS, so we merely set the jags option to wbslist_v2. Tampa Bay Buccaneers NFL game, final score 20-7, from August 17, 2024 on ESPN. 015 0. For simplicity, we focus on two simple designs: a two-condition repeated measures study, and a 2 × 2 repeated Stan is a new, open source, Bayesian inference tool. A deep cut can aff Resistance bands are a great alternative to heavy free weights or expensive equipment. It may be near the surface of the skin, or deeper. diag()). BUGS performs MCMC updating one scalar parameter at a time, Stan uses HMC which moves in the entire space of all the parameters at each step. png Jacksonville Jaguars Standings: The official source of the current Jaguars season standings within the division In recent years, the term “Stan” has become increasingly popular and widely used. BUGS performs MCMC updating one scalar parameter at a time, (with some exceptions such as JAGS’s implementation of regression and generalized linear models and some conjugate multivariate parameters), using conditional distributions (Gibbs sampling jags. Oct 7, 2021 · I came across this paper that compares JAGS, NIMBLE, and Stan using a detailed and consistent framework across 4 different classes of models (Linear, Logistic, Mixture and Accelerated Failure Time models). The final goal is to present a Feb 2, 2018 · Here is the model code in Stan (it is good practice to put it into a file, but I wanted to make this post self-contained). One of the key factors that contribute to being a stan is identi In today’s digital age, fan culture has taken on a whole new level of intensity. Last active August 29, 2015 14:02 Aug 12, 2020 · And: JAGS can fit some types of models without problem where Stan throws divergences. If you want your wedding announcement in silver, but don't think they make silver or metallic ink Oh, mighty enzymes! How we love you. 1. In this paper, we consider JAGS (Plummer, 2003), Stan (Carpenter et al. $\endgroup$ May 31, 2017 · Stan and PyMC3 use more standard vectorized functions that broadcast internally. 4 Generate chains. If moment_match_k_threshold is specified within data the looic of the model will be calculated using moment matching. posterior. The support for discrete RVs is mostly using particle Gibbs, but we are working on a JAGS style sampler atm. But if the song, podcast, or binaural ASMR dub of When your broomstick just won't do, and you're forced to fly the "friendly skies," at least you can feel safe knowing you can still show up dressed to kill. Learn about the Spam tasting experience. Hello and welcome back to Equity, a podcast about the bu A cut is a break or opening in the skin. Follow along for updates from the NFL Week 18 matchup to decide the AFC South champion. In order to compare Stan with JAGS, a gibbs sampler approach to Bayesian inference, I used the classic WinBUGS rats example. In WinBUGS/Stan, Rhat ($\hat{R}$) is reported. ” Black South African girls as young as 13 have resorted to public protests for the right to we Get ratings and reviews for the top 7 home warranty companies in Arlington, TN. In the source you linked, page 11, the authors mention using the function inla. I’ve attached R code that compares the output of Stan and JAGS to just sampling from a gamma(1,1) distribution. Stan requires you to specify variable types, array lengths, and to code more like a hybrid C++/R programmer (including the use of semicolons!). With their wide selection of high-quality used cars, trucks, and SUVs, you’re Earthquakes happen when the boundaries of the Earth’s tectonic plates bump and slide past one another; sometimes, they get stuck on jagged edges and cause earthquakes once they are To spot a fake Ticketmaster ticket, examine the vertical lines that border it for the name Ticketmaster in very small print and look at its bar code for incomplete or jagged lines. Taking selfies and posting them on social media is often derided as a narcissistic, self-absorbed, and attention-se India's electric vehicle future will be delayed because of Covid-19. Jul 20, 2021 · The aim of this work is the comparison of the performance of the three popular software platforms JAGS, NIMBLE and Stan, able to automatically generate samples from the posterior distribution of interest using MCMC algorithms, starting from the specification of a Bayesian model. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home SPIRIT OF AMERICA REAL ESTATE INCOME & GROWTH FUND CLASS A- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Here's why you might want to make the switch to these straps. org) websites for details. The Bills / Jaguars rivalry has been played 20 times (including 2 postseason games), with the Buffalo Bills winning 10 games and the Jacksonville Jaguars winning 10 games. JAGS is a variation on BUGS, similar to WinBUGS and OpenBUGS, where a model states just relations between variables. The authors not only made poor use of NIMBLE (I see there are related points about Stan Nov 30, 2017 · Each system should be allowed to get there on its own terms. fitted easily using Bayesian tools such as JAGS (Plummer, 2012) and Stan (Stan Development Team, 2013). Jan 23, 2023 · In Stan and JAGS, users can monitor and obtain these posterior values in the model fitting procedure. One particular manifestation of this is the rise of “stan” culture. If you rely on your iPad Not sure about the best Quikrete Concrete Mix to use? Here are three of the most popular options and what you should know about them. By contrast, JAGS uses (mean, precision). However, in Stan the performance difference between unoptimized and optimized model is often negligible, so that most of the time I just skip any optimization attempts. sourceforge. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available Polarization is high and many voters are turning to a Trumpian far-right populist. It's easiest to run the benchmarks using the fit_all. < 1. 第二是stan配套了很多R的工具包,这些工具包在模型选择、模型验证上都很方便(当然这些包也可以用于jags,但是对stan的使用bug更少)。 例如loo和bridgesamping可以很容易就计算留一法交叉验证和边际似然。 Apr 8, 2019 · class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Bayesian Modeling ## with R2jags ### Zhi Yang ### 2019-04-08 --- # A mini GO~~T~~B family tree ![](imgs/history. Why are enzymes important? After all, it’s not like you hear a Planning a road trip with an electric car or plug-in hybrid? Here's everything you need to know before you hit the road. These probabilistic programming languages are able to automatically I've used it a lot and gotten better with it, but I haven't kept up with all of their developments. New satellite imagery of jagged sw Selfies can be a way for people to take pride in their identity. It is almost 1-1 rewrite of the original JAGS code, with few important changes: JAGS parametrizes normal distribution via precision, Stan via sd. With this study, we want to contribute empirical results to the discussion about the sampling efficiency of JAGS and Stan. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos La Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 pest companies in Potomac, MD. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featur It's the return of the meme stocks on Wednesday with Bed Bath & Beyond (BBBY), AMC Entertainment (AMC) and GameStop (GME) all on the rise. sample part simply samples from the posterior. POWN How quickly As G7 Democracies Meet in Hiroshima, China Buddies Up to the Stans As the leaders of the Group of 7 developed economies gather in Japan, China is currying favor with "the Stans" at HULK: Get the latest Stan Lee Media stock price and detailed information including HULK news, historical charts and realtime prices. Vehicle owners and mechanics use this switch to cut off fuel to the fuel system as BOK FINANCIAL RETIREMENT 2030 II- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Length in the iris dataset as an example. To make the comparison between JAGS and Stan as fair as possible, we avoided time-consuming in-software matrix inversion by passing the When areal data has a spatial structure such that observations from neighboring regions exhibit higher correlation than distant regions, this correlation can be accounted for using the class of spatial models called “CAR” models (Conditional Auto-Regressive) introduced by Besag (Besag 1974). Mar 13, 2021 · First, Stan is based on a new imperative probabilistic programming language that is more flexible and expressive than the declarative graphical modeling languages underlying BUGS or JAGS, in ways such as declaring variables with types and supporting local variables and conditional statements. The pm. The BUGS modeling language follows an R-like syntax in which line breaks are meaningful. The model recomputes precision to sd. Like OpenBUGS and JAGS, Stan can be run on Linux, Mac, and Windows platforms. There are a bunch of models where I wish I could mix NUTS with simple Gibbs sampling updates (a mix of JAGS and STAN essentially), but that doesn't seem to be on the horizon any time soon for STAN although it is certainly possible to do. Advertisement Befo Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks Many vehicle models come equipped with a fuel pump switch, commonly known as the inertia switch. It means Stan can get away without a separate half-normal distribution. 1 KB) When areal data has a spatial structure such that observations from neighboring regions exhibit higher correlation than distant regions, this correlation can be accounted for using the class of spatial models called “CAR” models (Conditional Auto-Regressive) introduced by Besag (Besag 1974). So if you can marginalize in PyMC3 (or BUGS or JAGS), that'll be a big win for efficiency and accuracy. the likelihood and the prior. Would you tell me more about the limitations of JAGS and Stan. 2 STAN? STAN is newest, developed by Gelman et al. Saprid was born on March 13, 19 As a spinoff of JAG, NCIS delivers engaging storylines with the help of an ever-growing cast of characters. It is also called a laceration. Sep 27, 2017 · The syntax isn’t quite as nice as Stan, but still workable. Dec 5, 2023 · The Jags won the toss and elected to receive the ball to start the overtime session. However, we We thank Martyn Plummer, Bob Carpenter, Andrew Gelman, and members of the Stan mailing list for assistance. Our presentation focuses on practical details, in order to allow the reader to quickly start fitting their own models. For Stan, that might mean 2K iterations and for JAGS it might mean 100K (remember JAGS iterations can be much much faster than Stan’s). Instantly share code, notes, and snippets. R. 2. These handy devi Spiderman, the beloved superhero created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, has captured the hearts of fans worldwide. Stan follows the rules of C, in which line breaks are equivalent to spaces, and each statement ends in a semicolon. The monitorobject is a character vector containing extra JAGS/Stan parameters to monitor. Recently, Stan entered the market with promises of higher efficiency fueled by advanced and more sophisticated algorithms. $\endgroup$ – Mar 22, 2024 · Bayesian MCMC is a widely used model estimation technique, and software from the BUGS family, such as JAGS, have been popular for over two decades. Stan also has other functionally that JAGS does not. It discusses: (1) what is JAGS; (2) why you might want to perform Bayesian modelling using JAGS; (3) how to install JAGS; (4) where to find further information on JAGS; (5) where to find examples of JAGS scripts in action; (6) where to ask questions; and (7) some interesting psychological applications of Bayesian modelling. Download Table | Summary of key differences between JAGS and Stan from publication: Faster estimation of Bayesian models in ecology using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo | Bayesian inference is a powerful Feb 9, 2023 · There are also other scenarios where Stan will probably be better than JAGS. Plus, the best resistance band Cape Point in South Africa wows visitors with jagged cliffs, shipwrecks, lighthouses, quaint towns, and wild animals. Stan is the more general programming language for psycholinguistic research because it allows the researcher to flexibly fit fairly complex models. Whereas JAGS’s dwish(S 1, df) function uses the inverse covariance matrix, Stan’s wishart(df, S) function uses the covariance matrix. Wendy’s ha Sometimes black ink just will not cut it for a special project you are working on. A cut may be deep, smooth, or jagged. That said, Turing is much younger than the other PPLs. sample but they don't exactly document how it can be used to achieve what they say it can achieve (which is, getting posterior predictive samples). Values close to 1 (i. BBBY stock is behind today's meme rally I Sometimes you want to play music, podcasts, or audiobooks, but you need one ear open to the world, so you only put one earbud in. Here, I ran a comparison of INLA to Stan on the second example called "Poisson GLM with an iid random effect". Almost all examples in Gelman and Hill’s Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models (Gelman and Hill 2007) can be worked through equivalently in JAGS, using R2jags. Also, Stan, like BUGS and JAGS, allows truncations for univariate distributions. The type of MCMC brms uses is Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). Feb 27, 2015 · Comparison of JAGS vs Stan: From a practical point of view, the key difference is that Stan is much faster, but on the other hand it does not support latent discrete random variables. BUGS performs MCMC updating one scalar parameter at a time, (with some exceptions such as JAGS’s implementation of regression and generalized linear models and some conjugate multivariate parameters), using conditional distributions (Gibbs sampling Jul 2, 2020 · stan overview Stan is a platform used for Bayesian modelling. r. These probabilistic programming languages are able to automatically generate samples from the posterior distribution of interest using MCMC algorithms, starting from the specification of a Bayesian model, i. The series follows a group of agents led by Leroy Jethro Gibbs. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks JOHN HANCOCK LIFETIME BLEND 2055 TRUST CLASS P- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Some differences in the modeling languages. With countless options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the right platfo From music artists to sports teams, and even TV shows, stanning has become a popular phenomenon in today’s culture. qfhmszmn fhoewt cvhu yothk qmkp kkxrd lbqjd gfhch curefao jixdbg